However, in these implementations it should be noted that the extinction component is not possible, given that the challenging behavior directly produces access to the maintaining reinforcer. Some limited demonstrations of effectiveness exist for DRA/I/O related to behavior with a non-social (i.e., automatic) function (see, Berg et al., 2016 for an example).
DRA/I/O have been demonstrated to be effective for challenging behavior with social functions. Implementation requires observation and monitoring of at least two behaviors, and its implementation requires high procedural fidelity to maximize efficacy. This side effect of extinction can be mitigated by the inclusion of reinforcement for alternative behavior. Extinction-based interventions can result in temporary increases in frequency and/or intensity of challenging behaviors.
Care may need to be taken when implementing DRA/O/I with the extinction component when challenging behavior is moderate or severe.
DRA/I/O can be implemented with the extinction component when challenging behavior poses minimal risk to the individual or implementer.
